What are cloud-native development principles? The engineers working at the Heroku platform have compiled a set of ideal practices for web application development to raise awareness of some of the systemic problems and propose solutions to these problems. These principles are commonly known as The Twelve-Factor App. Later, Kevin Hoffman’s Beyond the Twelve-Factor Application book refreshed the original principles and came up with a revised order along with a few newer priniciples to suit modern cloud-native application needs.